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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Climate Adaptation Framework for Advancing Community Stormwater Management.

Ling-Wen Lu^1,2,3, Matthew F Johnson⁴, Fang-Fang Zhu⁵

¹State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|December 8, 2025

Summary

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) optimize stormwater management for climate change adaptation. Cost-effective NbS schemes improve runoff reduction and nitrogen removal, offering better financial returns than high-investment alternatives.

Keywords:

climate change adaptation multiobjective optimization nature-based solutions nitrogen export control sustainable development goals

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Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Urban Planning
Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

Urban stormwater runoff poses significant environmental challenges, exacerbated by aging infrastructure and climate change.
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer sustainable stormwater management with societal co-benefits.
Quantitative assessment of NbS financial trade-offs and optimal configurations is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a framework for optimizing NbS spatial configurations.
To achieve legislative targets for nitrogen concentration and runoff reduction under future climate change.
To analyze the financial trade-offs and cost-effectiveness of different NbS schemes.

Main Methods:

A multiobjective optimization framework was developed.
Case study conducted in Ningbo, China, considering future climate scenarios.
Cost-benefit analysis performed over a 15-year period.

Main Results:

Runoff reduction and nitrogen removal decreased by ~6% across climate scenarios.
Eight cost-effective NbS schemes were identified through optimization.
NbS schemes improved runoff reduction (0.86-13.9%) and nitrogen removal (0.08-8.45%) compared to alternatives.
Low-cost NbS yielded higher benefit-to-cost ratios than high-investment schemes.

Conclusions:

The developed framework effectively optimizes NbS configurations for climate change adaptation.
NbS optimization can achieve environmental targets while considering financial viability.
Tailoring NbS strategies to community income levels and preferences is crucial for maximizing benefits.