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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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Observation of helical pulses.

Ren Wang1,2, Shuai Shi3, Zeyi Zhang3

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. rwang@uestc.edu.cn.

Nature Communications
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created space-time nonseparable helical pulses (SNHPs) using novel optical and microwave methods. This breakthrough enables new investigations into ultrafast vortex pulses and their applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optics
  • Wave Phenomena

Background:

  • Ultrafast spatiotemporal vortex pulses are a type of spatiotemporal topological wave.
  • Experimental generation of helical pulses, specifically single- or few-cycle short vortex pulses with space-time nonseparability, has been a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate two complementary experimental methods for generating space-time nonseparable helical pulses (SNHPs).
  • To achieve SNHPs in both optical and microwave spectral regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Generated few-cycle quasi-linearly polarized SNHPs by decomposing optical toroidal pulses into their polarization components.
  • Produced single-cycle non-transverse SNHPs directly using a microwave ultrawideband spiral emitter.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the experimental generation of space-time nonseparable helical pulses (SNHPs).
  • Achieved SNHPs in both optical and microwave domains, including few-cycle and single-cycle pulses.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods enable the experimental realization of SNHPs.
  • These findings provide a foundation for exploring SNHP properties and applications, including light-matter interactions and optical communications.