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Direct observation of a wakefield generated with structured light.

Aaron Liberman1, Anton Golovanov2, Slava Smartsev2

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Structured light controls laser-wakefield accelerator phase velocity, mitigating electron dephasing. This research maps wakefield development using quasi-Bessel beams, enabling GeV-scale electron acceleration.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Accelerator Physics
  • Laser-Matter Interaction

Background:

  • Laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA) offers high accelerating gradients.
  • Electron dephasing limits LWFA energy gain.
  • Structured light, like Bessel beams, can control wakefield properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spatio-temporally sculpted beams for dephasing-free LWFA.
  • To experimentally observe wakefield evolution using quasi-Bessel beams.
  • To understand how beam shaping affects wakefield phase velocity.

Main Methods:

  • Generating quasi-Bessel beams with an axiparabola.
  • Spatio-temporal sculpting of laser pulses.
  • Imaging wakefields with femtosecond relativistic electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Wakefield development was mapped over the focal depth.
  • The effects of beam shaping on wakefield structure were studied.
  • Phase velocity control of the wakefield was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Spatio-temporal beam control is crucial for dephasing-free LWFA.
  • Quasi-Bessel beams enable long acceleration lengths and high gradients.
  • This work advances structured-light solutions for GeV-scale electron acceleration.