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Obesity01:24

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Lifestyle Factors and Health01:20

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Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
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Associations Between Social Risks and Obesity in High-risk Veterans.

Ryan M Kane1,2, Karen M Stechuchak3, Liberty Greene4,5

  • 1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity is common in US Veterans. This study found that being unmarried or having transportation barriers were linked to lower obesity rates, but other social risks were not significantly associated. Further research is needed to understand social risks and obesity management.

Keywords:
obesitysocial determinants of healthsocial risksveterans

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Veterans Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • High prevalence of obesity in US Veterans contributes to morbidity and mortality.
  • Limited research comprehensively assesses independent associations between multiple patient-reported social risks and obesity.
  • Investigates social risks among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients at high risk for hospitalization or death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cross-sectional associations of 11 patient-reported social risks and 3 social risk domains with obesity.
  • To identify potentially intervenable social risks linked to obesity in a high-risk Veteran population.
  • To analyze data from a national survey of VHA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a 2018 national survey of 10,000 VHA patients at high risk.
  • Logistic regression analysis of 4,504 respondents assessing 11 social risks across 3 domains (social, material, personal) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²).
  • Adjusted for confounding factors and used composite weights for sampling and non-response.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of respondents (46%) had obesity.
  • Unmarried Veterans showed a 7% lower probability of obesity (p < 0.001).
  • Veterans with transportation barriers had a 6% lower probability of obesity (p = 0.02).
  • No other social risks or domains were independently associated with obesity after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Few patient-reported social risks were independently associated with obesity in high-risk Veterans.
  • This national survey highlights a high prevalence of obesity and social risks in this population.
  • Future research should explore the impact of social risks on health behaviors and obesity management engagement.