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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
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Azabache Protocol®: An Integrated Psychological and Ethical Evaluation Framework for Rhinoplasty Candidates.

Ronny Azabache Díaz1, Jaime Robles2

  • 1Clínica Privada, Trujillo, Peru. razabached@yahoo.com.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|December 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Azabache Protocol® enhances rhinoplasty by integrating psychological and ethical evaluations, reducing patient dissatisfaction and improving decision-making. This structured approach prioritizes patient well-being and ethical surgical practice.

Keywords:
Aesthetic surgeryInformed consentPatient selectionPatient-reported outcomesPsychological assessmentRhinoplastySurgeon–patient relationshipSurgical ethics

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Psychological Assessment
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • Patient dissatisfaction post-rhinoplasty often stems from psychological and ethical factors, not just surgical outcomes.
  • The emotional aspects of patient selection are frequently overlooked despite advancements in surgical techniques.
  • The Azabache Protocol® was developed to address these gaps through integrated psychological and ethical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a structured framework for psychological and ethical evaluation prior to rhinoplasty.
  • To improve preoperative decision-making processes for surgeons.
  • To reduce the incidence of postoperative conflicts and patient dissatisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • The protocol integrates emotional typology, subjective evaluation tools, and standardized aesthetic/emotional scales.
  • It utilizes over a decade of clinical observations to inform its approach.
  • A surgeon-friendly algorithm is provided to identify risk profiles and guide ethical decisions.

Main Results:

  • Clinical application showed a reduction in emotional dissatisfaction and postoperative complaints.
  • The protocol improved patient-surgeon understanding, even in cases with successful surgical outcomes.
  • It reinforced the ethical dimension of aesthetic surgery by creating a multidimensional preoperative evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • The Azabache Protocol® offers a pragmatic, structured, and ethically sound method for psychological assessment in rhinoplasty.
  • Systematic preoperative emotional analysis complements traditional aesthetic planning.
  • It promotes a more responsible and human-centered approach to facial plastic surgery.