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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Harnessing the Bioorthogonal Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Cycloaddition for Pretargeted PET Imaging
Published on: February 3, 2015
The application and prospect of granzyme B-targeted PET imaging in cancer immunotherapy
Xu Tong1, Ying Jiang1, Nan Bi2
1Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
In the context of cancer immunotherapy, assessing treatment response and predicting survival outcomes remain major challenges. Granzyme B (GZMB), released by cytotoxic T cells, represents the terminal effector event of activated antitumor immunity, thereby providing a robust rationale for GZMB-targeted positron emission tomography (GZMB PET) imaging as a noninvasive, real-time, and dynamic approach to monitoring immune activity within the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to 1) outline the molecular and immunological mechanisms of GZMB in antitumor immunity; 2) critically appraise the clinical value of GZMB PET beyond short-term response prediction; and 3) compare GZMB PET with existing imaging and biomarker‑based strategies, delineating its advantages, limitations, and translational prospects to inform future research and clinical practice.
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