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Altered static and dynamic intrinsic brain activity patterns in type 2 diabetic patients
Yongsheng Liang1, Weiyin Vivian Liu2, Mingrui Li3
1Department of Radiology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China.
Scientific Reports
|December 8, 2025
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alters brain activity, showing a pattern of low intensity, high fluctuation, and instability. These changes in neural networks are linked to cognitive function and metabolic markers.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder causing chronic hyperglycemia.
- Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are key features of T2DM.
- Brain activity alterations may underlie cognitive deficits in T2DM patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate intrinsic brain activity differences in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls.
- To analyze static and dynamic resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) metrics.
- To explore correlations between brain activity, cognitive function, and metabolic markers in T2DM.
Main Methods:
- Utilized resting-state fMRI to analyze fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), dynamic fALFF (dfALFF), and dynamic functional stability (DFS).
- Compared fMRI metrics between 65 T2DM patients and 60 healthy controls.
- Correlated brain activity metrics with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol.
Main Results:
- T2DM patients showed increased fALFF in temporal and fusiform gyri, and decreased fALFF in precuneus, frontal, parietal, and supramarginal gyri.
- Increased dfALFF was observed in the precuneus, inferior parietal lobule, and middle frontal gyrus in T2DM.
- Decreased dynamic functional stability (DFS) was noted in the precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus; the left cuneus showed increased DFS.
- Brain activity alterations correlated negatively with HbA1c, FBG, and total cholesterol, and positively with MoCA scores in specific regions.
Conclusions:
- T2DM is associated with a distinct pattern of brain activity characterized by low intensity, high fluctuation, and destabilization.
- These findings suggest complex neural network dysfunction in the T2DM brain.
- Altered brain activity patterns are linked to cognitive impairment and metabolic dysregulation in T2DM.
