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Pigmentation phenotype instability in Myxococcus xanthus.

R P Burchard, A C Burchard, J H Parish

    Canadian Journal of Microbiology
    |December 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Tan Myxococcus xanthus cells spontaneously convert to yellow cells, especially at low densities. This color change is influenced by environmental factors like UV radiation and certain chemicals, indicating phenotypic plasticity.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Bacteriology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Myxococcus xanthus FB2 exhibits two colony color phenotypes: tan and yellow.
    • Tan colonies can produce both tan and yellow progeny, while yellow colonies are generally stable.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the spontaneous conversion of tan to yellow phenotypes in Myxococcus xanthus.
    • To identify factors influencing the frequency and mechanism of this phenotypic change.

    Main Methods:

    • Phenotypic analysis of colony color and pigment production.
    • Fluctuation tests to assess spontaneous mutation/conversion rates.
    • Culturing under varying conditions (density, UV irradiation, chemical agents, temperature).

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Yellow cells possess pigments absorbing at 379 nm, distinguishing them from tan cells.
    • Tan cells spontaneously convert to yellow cells in liquid culture, with increased frequency at low cell densities.
    • UV irradiation, mitomycin C, nalidixic acid, phenethyl alcohol, and elevated temperature promote tan to yellow conversion.
    • Yellow cells exhibit greater UV resistance than tan cells.
    • No significant effect of cell-cell contact or medium constituents was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The tan to yellow conversion in Myxococcus xanthus is a spontaneous, environmentally influenced process, not solely due to genetic mutation.
    • Environmental stressors can induce phenotypic switching, potentially linked to increased UV resistance in the yellow phenotype.