Perceived HIV-related stigma: disparities between an Infectious Diseases Unit and other hospital departments

HIV-related stigma harms people living with HIV (PWH), contributing to psychological distress, isolation, poor adherence, and reduced quality of life, especially in healthcare settings. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of HIV-related stigma experienced by PWH in both the Infectious Diseases Unit (IDU) and other hospital departments of a tertiary-care university hospital.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a single center between December 2024 and February 2025 among PWH. Participants completed a self-administered 10-item questionnaire assessing perceived stigma in areas such as access to care, quality of care, and inclusion. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with HIV-related stigma.

Six-hundred-thirty-four PWH participated in the study: 466 (73.5%) were male; median age was 56 years (IQR:45-62). Most were Caucasian (570, 89.9%) and 233 (36.8%) heterosexuals. Out of 634 individuals, 253 (39.9%) reported experiencing stigma in healthcare settings at least once. Perceived stigma was significantly lower in the IDU compared to other wards (59 versus 194 cases, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that people who inject drugs were associated with an increased risk of stigma perception within the IDU (p = 0.037). Outside the IDU, a shorter duration of HIV infection (< 5 years) was protective against stigma perception (p < 0.001).

HIV-related stigma remains highly prevalent in hospital settings, particularly outside specialized care. A multifaceted strategy including staff education, anti-stigma training, and institutional policies is urgently needed to promote equitable and respectful care for PWH. Further research should incorporate measures of mental health (e.g., anxiety and depression), as perceived stigma may impact the psychological well-being of people with HIV.