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COVID-19 and Stroke: Evaluating Correlations, Risk Factors, and Patient Outcomes

Hassan A Farid1, Samina Alim2, Fiza Shaikh2

  • 1Neurology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford, GBR.

Cureus
|December 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) face a higher risk of stroke, particularly ischemic and hemorrhagic types. Severe illness, low oxygen, and elevated interleukin-6 indicate increased stroke risk within the first month of infection.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to various neurological complications.
  • Stroke is a significant concern among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Understanding the specific risks associated with COVID-19 is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 infection and the risk of stroke.
  • To identify factors contributing to stroke occurrence in COVID-19 patients.
  • To explore the role of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19-related stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study comparing 280 COVID-19 patients with 300 non-COVID-19 controls.
  • Analysis of sociodemographic data, medical history, COVID-19 characteristics, and inflammatory markers.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square tests and unpaired Student's t-tests.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebral venous thrombosis.
  • Severe COVID-19, prolonged illness, low oxygen saturation, and cytokine storm were associated with increased stroke risk.
  • Elevated interleukin-6 levels strongly correlated with stroke occurrence, with most strokes occurring within the first month.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 significantly increases stroke risk in hospitalized patients.
  • Factors like disease severity, hypoxia, and inflammation (especially IL-6) are key indicators of stroke risk.
  • Early identification and monitoring of these factors are essential for preventing stroke in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
cerebral venous sinus thrombosiscovid-19cytokine storminterleukin (il)-6intracranial hemorrhage (ich)ischemic strokepandemicstrokestroke mortalityworld pandemic

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