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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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NOD1/RIP2 Pathway Promotes Glioma Progression Through Microglial M2 Polarization.

Yuxue Luan1, Miao Yu1, Haimo Zhang1

  • 1School of Medical Imaging, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The nucleoside-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1)/receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) pathway promotes glioma progression by enhancing M2 microglial polarization. Inhibiting this pathway reduces tumor growth and improves prognosis.

Keywords:
ML130NOD1/RIP2gliomamicrogliapolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glioma is an aggressive central nervous system malignancy with poor prognosis.
  • The NOD1/RIP2 pathway influences inflammatory responses and microglial polarization.
  • M2 microglial polarization promotes glioma growth within the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the NOD1/RIP2 pathway in glioma progression.
  • To determine if NOD1/RIP2 signaling impacts microglial M2 polarization.
  • To evaluate NOD1 as a prognostic marker for glioma.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics analysis of NOD1 expression in glioma tissues.
  • In vitro studies using glioma cells and microglia treated with NOD1 inhibitor ML130.
  • In vivo experiments using a rat glioma model.
  • Assessment of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and M2 polarization markers (Arg1, CD206).

Main Results:

  • NOD1 expression is elevated in glioma tissues and correlates with higher tumor grade.
  • NOD1 inhibition (ML130) suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
  • ML130 treatment reduced M2 polarization markers in microglia and inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
  • NOD1 expression negatively correlated with rADC values, suggesting it as a potential imaging biomarker.

Conclusions:

  • NOD1 is a significant predictor of glioma grade and patient prognosis.
  • The NOD1/RIP2 pathway drives glioma progression by promoting M2 microglial polarization.
  • Targeting the NOD1/RIP2 pathway offers a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma.