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Updated: Jan 9, 2026
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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Published on: November 28, 2015
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NOD1/RIP2 Pathway Promotes Glioma Progression Through Microglial M2 Polarization
Yuxue Luan1, Miao Yu1, Haimo Zhang1
1School of Medical Imaging, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
|December 9, 2025
Summary
The nucleoside-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1)/receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) pathway promotes glioma progression by enhancing M2 microglial polarization. Inhibiting this pathway reduces tumor growth and improves prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Neuro-oncology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Glioma is an aggressive central nervous system malignancy with poor prognosis.
- The NOD1/RIP2 pathway influences inflammatory responses and microglial polarization.
- M2 microglial polarization promotes glioma growth within the tumor microenvironment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of the NOD1/RIP2 pathway in glioma progression.
- To determine if NOD1/RIP2 signaling impacts microglial M2 polarization.
- To evaluate NOD1 as a prognostic marker for glioma.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatics analysis of NOD1 expression in glioma tissues.
- In vitro studies using glioma cells and microglia treated with NOD1 inhibitor ML130.
- In vivo experiments using a rat glioma model.
- Assessment of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and M2 polarization markers (Arg1, CD206).
Main Results:
- NOD1 expression is elevated in glioma tissues and correlates with higher tumor grade.
- NOD1 inhibition (ML130) suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
- ML130 treatment reduced M2 polarization markers in microglia and inhibited tumor growth in vivo.
- NOD1 expression negatively correlated with rADC values, suggesting it as a potential imaging biomarker.
Conclusions:
- NOD1 is a significant predictor of glioma grade and patient prognosis.
- The NOD1/RIP2 pathway drives glioma progression by promoting M2 microglial polarization.
- Targeting the NOD1/RIP2 pathway offers a potential therapeutic strategy for glioma.
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