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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2017

Melatonin and the Dental Pulp: A Scoping Review.

Jasmin Schäfer¹, Konrad Kleszczynski², Edgar Schäfer¹

¹Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

International Endodontic Journal

|December 9, 2025

Summary

Melatonin shows promise in endodontics, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects on dental pulp and promoting stem cell differentiation. Further research is needed to determine optimal concentrations for these applications.

Keywords:

cell proliferation cell senescence dental pulp stem cells inflammation odontogenic differentiation oxidative stress

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Published on: November 24, 2012

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Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

Published on: November 24, 2012

Area of Science:

Dental Pulp Biology
Stem Cell Research
Endodontic Therapeutics

Background:

Melatonin is recognized for wound healing and stem cell differentiation in general medicine.
Its specific applications and effects within endodontics are not well-established.
This review explores melatonin's role in dental pulp tissue and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the evidence on melatonin's effects on dental pulp tissue.
To assess melatonin's impact on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), focusing on proliferation and differentiation.
To evaluate melatonin's potential therapeutic relevance in endodontics.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
Searches included MeSH terms, hand searching, and screening of key journals up to July 1, 2025.
Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis.

Main Results:

Eleven studies focused on melatonin's effects on dental pulp tissue, noting anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and pulp capping properties.
Eleven studies examined melatonin's impact on hDPSCs, observing effects on cell proliferation and differentiation.
Evidence suggests a dose- and time-dependent influence of melatonin.

Conclusions:

Melatonin exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrinolytic properties beneficial for dental pulp tissue.
Melatonin shows potential as a stem cell modulator, promoting odontogenic differentiation in hDPSCs.
Current evidence is limited, primarily from laboratory and animal studies, and insufficient to define optimal melatonin concentrations for endodontic use.