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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
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Anti-IgLON5 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Anna Grossauer1,2, Robert Barket2,3, Florian Krismer2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria.

European Journal of Neurology
|December 9, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anti-IgLON5 disease is a complex neurological disorder. This review highlights sleep abnormalities, bulbar dysfunction, and movement disorders, emphasizing high antibody sensitivity for diagnosis.

Keywords:
IgLON5autoimmune encephalitismovement disordersneurodegenerationsleep disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Anti-IgLON5 disease is a complex neurological disorder with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • It involves sleep, movement, neuroimmunological, and neurodegenerative aspects.
  • Understanding its full spectrum is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the clinical spectrum, laboratory characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of anti-IgLON5 disease.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on this rare neurological condition.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports and series.
  • Searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Semantic Scholar up to July 31, 2024.
  • Included studies with positive IgLON5 antibody titers; meta-analysis for series with N≥10 patients.
  • Assessed risk of bias using the JBI critical appraisal tool.

Main Results:

  • Included 285 patients from 85 case series/reports.
  • Most frequent symptoms: sleep abnormalities (76.5%), bulbar dysfunction (61.4%), and movement disorders (56.1%).
  • High prevalence of IgLON5 antibodies in serum (99.6%).

Conclusions:

  • Anti-IgLON5 disease should be suspected in patients with sleep disorders and other neurological symptoms mimicking other conditions.
  • Serum antibody testing demonstrates high sensitivity for diagnosis.
  • Consideration of this diagnosis is vital when standard criteria for other diseases are not met.