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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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A Review of Current Research and Barriers to Access: Exploring Disparities in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery.

Nikita Das1, Ali A Mohamed2, Akshat Katyayan3

  • 1Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Pediatric Neurosurgery
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric epilepsy surgery effectively treats drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), improving outcomes and reducing SUDEP risk. However, access disparities persist due to systemic barriers, hindering its underutilized potential for children.

Keywords:
DisparitiesDrug-resistant epilepsyEpilepsy surgeryNeurosurgeryPediatric epilepsyRefractory epilepsy

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A Pipeline for 3D Multimodality Image Integration and Computer-assisted Planning in Epilepsy Surgery
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery
  • Healthcare Disparities

Background:

  • Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects over 30% of pediatric epilepsy patients, impacting neurodevelopment, quality of life, and SUDEP risk.
  • Pediatric patients face unique challenges in accessing epilepsy surgery, including delayed recognition, limited specialized center access, and socioeconomic barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of pediatric epilepsy surgery.
  • To examine factors contributing to delays in surgical referrals and access disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric epilepsy surgery.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to underutilization and disparities in surgical care.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric epilepsy surgery is effective for DRE, offering seizure freedom, improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, and reduced SUDEP risk.
  • Significant disparities in access persist, driven by socioeconomic status, race, geography, and systemic issues like provider awareness and hospital resources.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy surgery is underutilized in pediatric DRE due to access barriers.
  • Future efforts must address disparities through research, increased access to specialized centers, enhanced provider education, guideline dissemination, and policy reforms.