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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Assessing Trauma-Related Symptoms Among Military Personnel Using the MMPI-3.

Jacy G Murdock1, Lauren Baroni2, Dustin B Wygant2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|December 9, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The MMPI-3 effectively measures psychopathology in military personnel exposed to trauma, identifying increased distress and symptom overlap with PTSD measures like the PCL-5.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Military Psychology

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are diverse, necessitating better understanding of trauma's psychological impact, especially in high-stress populations.
  • Research on MMPI measures for trauma psychopathology in military samples exists for MMPI-2-RF, but limited data is available for the MMPI-3.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the MMPI-3's utility in assessing psychopathology among military personnel with PTSD symptoms.
  • To examine how the MMPI-3 performs in a sample exposed to military trauma, including combat and sexual trauma.

Main Methods:

  • A military sample (N=190) was assessed using the MMPI-3.
  • Psychopathology related to military trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms was evaluated.
  • MMPI-3 results were compared with the PCL-5 for measuring PTSD symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Military trauma exposure was associated with significant increases in psychopathology scores on the MMPI-3.
  • Elevated MMPI-3 scores indicated potential issues in internalizing distress, cognitive/somatic difficulties, and interpersonal distancing.
  • The MMPI-3 showed significant overlap with the PCL-5 in measuring PTSD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • The MMPI-3 is a valuable tool for assessing complex trauma-related psychopathology in post-9/11 military personnel.
  • Findings support the MMPI-3's use in understanding the psychological impact of military trauma.
  • The MMPI-3 can identify specific areas of distress relevant to military experiences.