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Related Concept Videos

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

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Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Cosolvent Multivalent Cation Hybrid Electrolyte for High-Performance Dual Band WO3-Based Electrochromic Device.

Chunjing Li1, Xiaodan Guo1, Qing Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.

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|December 9, 2025
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A novel cosolvent multivalent cation hybrid electrolyte enhances tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromic devices. This strategy improves ion transport and interfacial compatibility, leading to superior optical modulation and long-term stability for smart windows and electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electrochromic devices offer potential for smart windows and electronics.
  • Poor cation-electrolyte compatibility hinders electrochromic device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance WO3-based electrochromic film and device.
  • To address the cation-electrolyte incompatibility issue in electrochromic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a cosolvent multivalent cation hybrid electrolyte strategy.
  • Introduced H2O molecules to modulate cation solvation structure and ion transport.
  • Utilized synergistic effects of Zn2+/Al3+ hybrid ions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 96.0% optical modulation at 633 nm and 5000 cycles for WO3 film.
  • Demonstrated dual band independent modulation and significant energy-saving potential (128.66 MJ/m2).
  • Enhanced interfacial compatibility between electrolyte and WO3 film.

Conclusions:

  • The cosolvent multivalent cation hybrid electrolyte strategy is effective for high-performance electrochromic devices.
  • This approach enables large optical modulation and long cycle life.
  • Highlights a promising direction for next-generation electrochromic applications.