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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
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[Pseudoprogression after start of immunotherapy].

Michael Winkelmann1,2,3, Matthias Kassube1, Philipp Linden1

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, LMU Klinikum, München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|December 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression is challenging. Early immunotherapy continuation with imaging follow-up is recommended for stable patients with suspected pseudoprogression.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Nuclear Medicine
Keywords:
Checkpoint inhibitorsChimeric antigen receptorLiquid biopsyResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid TumoursTumour markers

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