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Policing as a Structural Determinant of Health.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Policing is increasingly recognized as a significant determinant of public health.
  • Its impacts extend beyond public safety to physical, mental, and community well-being.
  • Existing structural inequities are exacerbated by policing practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent evidence (2015-2025) on the relationship between policing and health.
  • To identify physical, mental, and community-level health outcomes linked to policing.
  • To explore pathways and mechanisms connecting policing to health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Rapid evidence assessment of peer-reviewed and gray literature.
  • Examination of studies published between 2015 and 2025.
  • Focus on identifying direct and collateral health impacts.

Main Results:

  • Police use of force leads to annual injuries and deaths, disproportionately affecting communities of color.
  • Policing contributes to chronic stress, trauma, and economic strain.
  • Collateral consequences of policing compound existing structural inequities.

Conclusions:

  • Policing has profound, multifaceted impacts on population health.
  • Evidence gaps and methodological limitations hinder causal inference.
  • Future research and policy should integrate public health priorities into public safety strategies and explore alternatives to traditional policing.