Behçet's disease unraveled: Insights into clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management

Behçet's disease is a rare and recurrent multisystem inflammatory disorder, primarily distinguished by systemic vasculitis that affects veins and arteries of various sizes. Clinically, Behçet's disease is characterized by the presence of recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and uveitis. The prevalence of this condition is significantly elevated along the historical Silk Road, particularly in Turkey; however, epidemiological data indicate variations across different regions and ethnic groups. The diagnosis of Behçet's disease is typically established during the third decade of life, with a more severe prognosis noted when the onset occurs before the age of 25. This review aims to explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and current therapeutic strategies relevant to Behçet's disease. Specific attention is devoted to understanding the global distribution of the disease, its associated morbidity patterns, and current management and treatment modalities.