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Diagnostic difficulties in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a case report

Angelika Stapińska-Syniec1, Michał Sobstyl2, Katarzyna Kurowska3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland. angelika.stapinska@gmail.com.

Folia Neuropathologica
|December 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a CNS demyelination disease caused by JC virus, often affecting immunocompromised patients. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and neuropathological confirmation of PML via stereotactic biopsy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Viral Pathogenesis
  • Neuropathology

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • PML is caused by the John Cunningham polyomavirus (JC virus, JCV) and primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems.
  • Diagnostic challenges in PML necessitate close clinical and pathological collaboration.
Keywords:
John Cunningham virus (JCV)demyelination diseasestereotactic biopsyprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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