Advancements in keratoplasty: Exploring newer techniques and imaging modalities for enhanced surgical outcomes

Keratoplasty, the transplantation of corneal tissue, is a well-established surgical procedure for the treatment of various corneal diseases. Over the years, advancements in keratoplasty techniques have significantly improved surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. This review article provides an overview of newer techniques and imaging modalities in keratoplasty that have emerged as promising options for corneal transplantation. The article begins with a brief overview of traditional keratoplasty techniques, including penetrating keratoplasty, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (EK), and Descemet's membrane EK. It then delves into the discussion of newer techniques, including femtosecond laser-assisted keratoplasty, Bowman layer transplantation, and the role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in keratoplasty. This review article aims to provide ophthalmologists with a comprehensive understanding of the newer techniques in keratoplasty, their advantages, limitations, and clinical outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment planning, considering patient-specific factors, and utilizing advanced imaging modalities to optimize surgical outcomes. The incorporation of newer techniques and imaging modalities in keratoplasty has the potential to revolutionize the field, offering improved visual outcomes, reduced complications, and enhanced patient satisfaction. Continued research and technological advancements will further refine these techniques, paving the way for the future of keratoplasty and improving the quality of life for patients with corneal diseases. We evaluate the currently available literature in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of contemporary surgical and imaging methods in ophthalmology to facilitate additional developments in the field of corneal transplantation.