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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

The Modified Single-working Portal Technique Using Lasso-loop Stitch with Needle for Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair

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The Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Strains by 20% After Shoulder Dislocation.

Rei Kimura^1,2, Nobuyuki Yamamoto², Kazuma Sasaki^1,2

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

|December 10, 2025

Summary

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) experiences significant strain during shoulder dislocation, increasing with extension and external rotation. This study found maximal IGHL strain of approximately 20% during anterior dislocation, informing surgical repair techniques.

Keywords:

biomechanics of ligament microscopic pathology shoulder instability

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Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Orthopedic biomechanics
Shoulder joint anatomy
Ligamentous injury research

Background:

The inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) is crucial for shoulder anterior stability.
Previous research has not fully detailed IGHL strain across all shoulder positions, especially during simulated dislocation.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify IGHL strain in various shoulder positions.
To measure IGHL strain and elongation during simulated anterior shoulder dislocation.

Main Methods:

Cadaveric shoulder specimens were tested in a custom apparatus to measure IGHL and axillary pouch strain.
Shoulder positions included varying horizontal flexion-extension and internal-external rotation.
Anterior dislocation was simulated to measure maximal strain and displacement.

Main Results:

IGHL strain increased with horizontal extension and external rotation.
Anterior dislocation resulted in an average maximal IGHL strain of 19.9%.
Histological analysis revealed fiber discontinuity in the IGHL post-dislocation.

Conclusions:

The IGHL is significantly strained during anterior shoulder dislocation, with strain correlating to extension and external rotation.
A maximal IGHL strain of approximately 20% was observed during dislocation, providing a quantitative reference for surgical interventions like Bankart repair.