Retrospective study on the clinical outcomes and characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia: different outcomes in the
Fanqiao Meng1, Maoyuan Xiang1, Huan Xie1
1Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a prognostically heterogeneous malignancy despite advances in molecular risk stratification. While the 2022 European Leukemia Network (ELN) guidelines refine risk classification, their accuracy in predicting survival outcomes across genetic requires validation.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 newly diagnosed AML patients at Daping Hospital, integrating next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic profiling, 2022 ELN risk classification, and clinical outcomes.
Results:
The most frequent mutations were FLT3 (26.6%), DNMT3A (21.4%), NPM1 (18.2%), CEBPA (17.5%), and TET2 (15.6%). Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 22.9 months and 14.1 months, respectively. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), female sex, age < 60 years, and normal karyotype emerged as favorable prognostic factors. No significant differences were observed between allogeneic (allo-HSCT) and autologous HSCT (ASCT). Idarubicin, cytarabine, etoposide (IA ± E) chemotherapy yielded superior survival, while azacitidine+venetoclax (AZA+VEN) regimens underperformed. Conversely, TP53 and KIT mutations correlated with inferior survival, while NPM1, CEBPA mutations predicted longer survival. Notably, significant survival heterogeneity existed within 2022 ELN risk groups, particularly among patients with FLT3, CEBPA, or TET2 mutations.
Conclusions:
The ELN risk classification demonstrate limitations in prognostication, particularly for patients with FLT3, CEBPA, or TET2 mutations. Our findings highlight the necessity for refined risk models incorporating additional molecular markers (KIT) and mutation interactions to enhance personalized prognostication. Gene coexistence is also a factor that needs to be considered when determining patient prognosis.
Trial Registration:
The study was registered on the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR) platform (No. ChiCTR2500096484).
More Related Videos
09:01Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
Published on: March 26, 2018
08:31Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published on: October 17, 2025
Related Concept Videos
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
01:20Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis
01:24Kaplan-Meier Approach
01:20Actuarial Approach
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
01:15Assumptions of Survival Analysis