Meta-Analysis of CYP1A1 MspI and Ile462Val Polymorphisms in Cancer Susceptibility Among Different Ethnic Populations

The Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene plays a crucial role in the production of enzymes involved in the metabolic activation and detoxification of harmful carcinogens, which are essential for genetic susceptibility to cancer. Due to the inconsistent findings obtained from population-based studies, it is crucial to systematically investigate the association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and diverse ethnic groups. To assess the link between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and cancer risk across different ethnic populations. The studies published in the last decade were searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, based on PRISMA guidelines and eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis includes subgroup analysis based on ethnicity with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals through R Studio. Genotypic and allelic data were analyzed under genetic models (allelic, dominant, and recessive) using a random-effects model. The quality of the included case-control studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Twenty case-control studies containing various ethnic populations, of which eleven contain the MspI polymorphism, and the other nine contain the Ile462Val polymorphism of the CYP1A1, while none explained both SNPs. The research studies involved 3976 cases and 4891 controls in this meta-analysis. For MspI polymorphisms, the overall pooled analysis revealed a significant association with cancer risk in the Brazilian ethnic group (2.46 [95% CI: 0.00; 305699178.1]) with moderate heterogeneity observed within the genetic models of CYP1A1 polymorphisms. For Ile462Val polymorphisms, the overall pooled effect size was significant among the Asian group (2.11 [95% CI: 1.45; 3.06]). Meanwhile, the subgroup analysis provides some evidence of cancer risk association with polymorphisms among different ethnicities. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the understanding of CYP1A1 polymorphisms is necessary to determine the etiology of cancer. The significant association among CYP1A1 polymorphisms and cancer can further be studied by selecting studies focused on a particular cancer type and containing a large sample size within a specific ethnic population.