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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Existing research often examines diet, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and environmental impacts separately.
  • This fragmented approach limits a comprehensive understanding of sustainable dietary patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review observational studies assessing eating patterns and their combined associations with environmental and CVD outcomes.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between diet, health, and ecological footprint.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of observational studies.
  • Analysis of findings linking dietary patterns to cardiovascular risk and environmental indicators (GHGe, land use, water use).

Main Results:

  • Plant-based diets, especially those low in red meat, added sugars, and sodium, correlate with reduced CVD risk.
  • Diets lower in animal proteins generally have a lower environmental impact (GHGe, land use) but may increase water consumption.
  • A consistent association exists between predominantly plant-based diets, lower cardiovascular risk, and reduced environmental footprints, though trade-offs are evident.

Conclusions:

  • Predominantly plant-based diets show promise for both cardiovascular health and environmental sustainability.
  • Balancing health benefits and environmental impact requires careful consideration of specific dietary components and environmental indicators.
  • Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the complex interplay between dietary patterns, cardiovascular well-being, and ecological sustainability.