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High-performance hematite-integrated perovskite solar cells.

Mustafa Kareem1,2, Ethar Yahya Salih3, Malatesh Akkur4

  • 1College of Remote Sensing and Geophysics, Al-Karkh University of Science, Haifa St., Baghdad 10011, Iraq. dr.mustafa@kus.edu.iq.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|December 10, 2025
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Summary

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) as an electron transport layer (ETL) significantly boosts perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance. This stable ETL enhances efficiency and thermal stability, paving the way for advanced solar energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising photovoltaic technology.
  • Efficient electron transport layers (ETLs) are crucial for PSC performance and stability.
  • Hematite (α-Fe2O3) offers potential as a stable and cost-effective ETL material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of thermodynamically stable hematite (α-Fe2O3) as an ETL in PSCs.
  • To optimize PSC performance by tuning the α-Fe2O3 layer and perovskite parameters.
  • To evaluate the thermal stability and efficiency of the developed PSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PSCs utilizing an α-Fe2O3 ETL.
  • Optimization of α-Fe2O3 layer thickness and perovskite properties.
  • Performance characterization using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) under AM 1.5G illumination.

Main Results:

  • Predicted power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.62% with optimized parameters.
  • Achieved high short-circuit current (JSC) of 23.58 mA cm⁻², open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.286 V, and fill factor (FF) of 84.39%.
  • Demonstrated high thermal stability at 85 °C and improved charge extraction with optimized defect density and doping.

Conclusions:

  • Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a viable and high-performing ETL for PSCs.
  • Optimized α-Fe2O3 thickness (10 nm) and perovskite thickness (800 nm) enhance efficiency.
  • Reduced defect density and controlled doping are key to improving PSC performance and stability.