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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.6K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.6K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.4K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.4K
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

6.5K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
6.5K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

1.8K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
1.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.6K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.4K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.4K

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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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Plasmonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains with strong coupling amplitudes.

Benedikt Schurr1, Matthias Hensen2, Luisa Brenneis2

  • 1NanoOptics & Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.

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Researchers created plasmonic chains exhibiting topological properties, localizing light at the ends. This breakthrough enables strong light-matter interactions for novel quantum technologies at room temperature.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Plasmonics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Plasmonic systems exhibit collective behaviors with tunable resonances and coupling.
  • Topological principles, like those in Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) systems, lead to protected edge states.
  • Subwavelength light localization is key for strong light-matter coupling in quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and investigate topologically protected mid-gap modes in engineered plasmonic systems.
  • To demonstrate precise control over interresonator coupling in one-dimensional plasmonic chains.
  • To explore the potential for creating robust hybrid light-matter states under ambient conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of one-dimensional plasmonic chains using nanoslit resonators.
  • Precise control of alternating distances between resonators with subnanometer accuracy.
  • Experimental observation of mid-gap modes using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM).

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of plasmonic SSH chains with strong interresonator coupling.
  • Experimental confirmation of topologically protected mid-gap modes localized at the chain ends.
  • Demonstration of subwavelength light localization at optical frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered plasmonic SSH chains provide a platform for realizing topological phenomena.
  • The observed mid-gap modes can strongly couple to quantum emitters at ambient conditions.
  • This work paves the way for higher-order topological modes in 2D photonic metasurfaces for quantum applications.