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Are Blood Groups a Predictive Factor in Determining the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing
Mumtaz Murat Yardımcı1, Cengiz Guven1
1Adıyaman University Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Adıyaman Turkey Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
Insights
Blood type influences coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and bypass surgery outcomes. Blood groups A and B are linked to higher mortality risk in CAD patients compared to blood group O.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Hematology
- Medical Genetics
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Blood groups are determined by inherited antigens and may influence various physiological processes.
- The role of blood groups in predicting outcomes for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains an area of investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if ABO blood groups are predictive factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) severity.
- To determine if blood groups influence postoperative mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with extracorporeal circulatory support.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study involving 4,002 patients who underwent coronary surgery for CAD between 2014 and 2020.
- Data collected included patient blood groups, demographic information, and SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) scores.
- Analysis focused on patients who died within one month post-operation, comparing outcomes across different blood groups.
Main Results:
- Blood group O was associated with a significantly lower SYNTAX score (indicating less severe CAD) compared to other groups.
- Blood groups A and B were associated with a significantly higher risk of 30-day postoperative mortality compared to blood group O.
- The Rh factor did not demonstrate a significant impact on CAD severity or mortality.
Conclusions:
- Blood groups O and B are associated with lower coronary artery disease severity as indicated by the SYNTAX score.
- Patients with blood groups A and B face an elevated risk of mortality following coronary artery bypass surgery compared to those with blood group O.
Objective:
This study investigated whether blood groups are predictive factors for the severity and postoperative mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing bypass surgery with extracorporeal circulatory support.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study examined data from 4,002 patients who had coronary surgery for CAD between January 1st, 2014, and December 30th, 2020. The study recorded blood groups, demographic information, and and SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) scores for patients who died within the first month post-operation.
Results:
Multiple regression analysis showed significant associations with the SYNTAX score (P < 0.001). Individuals with blood group O had a 2.970 times decrease in their SYNTAX score, while those with blood group A showed a 0.260 times increase, and those with blood group B had a 1.895 times decrease. Analyzing the effect of blood groups on mortality, the risk of death was significantly higher compared to blood group O; in group A the risk of death was 2.65 times higher than in group O (P = 0.005, odds ratio [OR]: 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35 - 5.19). In group B the risk of death was 2.29 times higher than in group O (P = 0.048, OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01 - 5.23). The Rh factor did not affect either mortality or CAD severity.
Conclusion:
In patients undergoing coronary surgery, the SYNTAX score was found to be significantly lower in blood groups O and B. However, regarding mortality, both blood groups A and B carried a higher risk of death when compared to group O.
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