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Composite monomer conversion and microhardness using short curing times.

Marcelo Giannini¹, Eduardo F de Castro¹, Beatriz Ometto Sahadi¹

¹University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Departamento de Dentística Restauradora, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Dental Journal

|December 10, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Short curing times with laser or LED light-curing units (LCUs) impact bulk-fill composite properties. Longer LED exposure (20 seconds) achieved higher monomer conversion and adequate depth curing, unlike shorter laser or LED durations.

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Bulk-fill composites offer clinical efficiency but require adequate light-curing for optimal properties.
Understanding the impact of short, high-intensity curing times on material performance is crucial for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of short curing intervals using laser and LED light-curing units (LCUs) on the monomer conversion and microhardness of a bulk-fill composite.
To compare the efficacy of different radiant exposures delivered by laser and LED LCUs at very short curing durations.

Main Methods:

Two LCUs (laser and multi-peak LED) and a bulk-fill composite were used.
Samples were cured for short durations (1-3s laser, 3-20s LED).
Monomer conversion (FTIR) and microhardness were measured at various depths; spectral irradiance and radiant exposure were recorded.

Main Results:

Monomer conversion at 4mm increased with longer curing times for both LCUs, correlating with radiant exposure.
The 20-second LED exposure resulted in significantly higher monomer conversion compared to shorter durations.
Microhardness decreased with depth, but only the 20-second LED exposure achieved a sufficient bottom-to-top ratio (0.84).

Conclusions:

Short curing times, especially with laser LCUs, may compromise monomer conversion and microhardness at depth.
Extended LED curing (20 seconds) demonstrates superior performance for bulk-fill composites, ensuring adequate polymerization.
Radiant exposure is a critical factor influencing the depth of cure and material properties.