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Unraveling Specific Conditions for a Repeatable Mpemba Effect.

James D Brownridge¹, Matthieu Zinet², Paul Sotta³

¹Physics Department, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.

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Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hot water freezes faster than cold water under specific conditions, confirming the Mpemba effect. This study precisely controlled variables to demonstrate the phenomenon, attributing it to heat transfer differences.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Physical Chemistry

Background:

The Mpemba effect, where hot water freezes faster than cold water, is a debated phenomenon.
Previous studies have faced challenges in replication and explanation, leading to controversy.

Purpose of the Study:

To robustly demonstrate and investigate the Mpemba effect under controlled conditions.
To provide a plausible explanation for the observed phenomenon based on heat transfer.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous freezing of hot and cold water samples in a freezer with ice-nucleating agents.
Precise temperature recording and elimination of supercooling.
Heat transfer simulations based on Newton's law.

Main Results:

Hot water samples froze faster and to a greater depth than cold samples, especially with a high initial temperature difference.
The onset of crystallization was consistently delayed for hotter samples.
Experimental results aligned with heat transfer simulations.

Conclusions:

The study confirms the Mpemba effect under specific, controlled experimental conditions.
Differences in heat transfer are proposed as the primary mechanism explaining the faster freezing of hot water.
This research validates the original findings of Mpemba and Osborne.