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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance
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Synergistic Molecular Modification of NiOx for High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Hui Wang1,2, Xiaochun Zhang3, Tianqi Niu4

  • 1Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency by modifying the nickel oxide (NiOx) hole transporting layer (HTL) with a self-assembled molecule (SAM) and PABr. This boosts device performance and stability.

Keywords:
flexibleinterfacial modificationnickel oxideperovskite solar cellself-assembled molecule

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Nickel oxide (NiOx) is a key hole transporting layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
  • Pristine NiOx suffers from defects and poor interface contact, limiting PSC performance.
  • Effective interfacial engineering is crucial for advancing PSC efficiency and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the electronic properties of NiOx for improved PSC performance.
  • To investigate the cooperative effect of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) and PABr for interfacial modification.
  • To demonstrate the scalability and feasibility of the proposed modification strategy for flexible solar modules.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a self-assembled molecule (SAM) interlayer with PABr modification on NiOx.
  • Passivation of oxygen vacancies and regulation of NiOx energy levels via SAMs and interfacial dipoles.
  • Optimization of perovskite film quality (grain size, defect density) on the modified NiOx layer.

Main Results:

  • The modified NiOx layer facilitated high-quality perovskite film formation, enhancing charge transport.
  • Nonradiative recombination losses were significantly reduced, leading to improved device efficiency.
  • Achieved a champion device efficiency of 25.13% (vs. 23.28% for pristine NiOx) and 16.24% for 107.0 cm2 flexible modules.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperative interfacial modification using SAMs and PABr effectively tailors NiOx electronic properties.
  • The strategy significantly boosts the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
  • Demonstrates a viable approach for scalable fabrication of high-performance flexible PSCs.