Physicochemical properties and fine structural characterization of starch during wheat milling: A comparison of
Yurong Zhou1, Jing Zhang2, Chao Chen2
1College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Abstract:
Starch is a key component in determining wheat flour quality, yet the effects of different milling methods on its structure and physicochemical properties remain underexplored. This study focuses on comparing the effects of mechanical forces from three representative milling methods, shear, compression, and impact, on the physicochemical properties and fine structure of wheat starch. Unlike previous studies milling purified starch, this research shows that shear milling causes the least damage to starch granules, keeping them mostly intact. The starch solubility (∼14.7 %) and swelling power (∼9.7 g/g) are the lowest with this method. In contrast, compression milling significantly damages the starch granules, reducing crystallinity and increasing solubility to ∼26.5 %. Additionally, starch from compression milling shows the highest pasting viscosity and the lowest pasting enthalpy, indicating increased water absorption but decreased thermal stability. Impact milling affects the starch properties to a degree between shear and compression milling. Fine structural analysis reveals that compression milling causes more branching in starch molecules, converting them into free short chains and increasing amorphous content, while shear milling largely preserves the starch's natural structure. These findings provide guidance for selecting appropriate milling strategies in grain processing and customizing flour functionality.
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