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What does "housebound" mean? Mixed methods study to develop a consensus definition.

Polly Duncan1, Nathan Yung2, Shoba Dawson2

  • 1Centre for Academic Primary Care, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom polly.duncan@bristol.ac.uk.

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|December 10, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a consensus definition for housebound patients, who are often under-researched. The new definition aims to improve healthcare access and services for individuals unable to leave their homes.

Keywords:
HomeboundHouseboundPrimary care

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Area of Science:

  • Primary Care Research
  • Health Services Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Housebound patients are an under-researched population with complex healthcare needs.
  • Lack of a standardized definition for 'housebound' hinders research and service development.
  • Challenges in accessing primary healthcare are prevalent among housebound individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus definition for 'housebound' individuals.
  • To facilitate research and improve healthcare provision for this patient group.

Main Methods:

  • A three-part consensus methodology was employed in the United Kingdom.
  • Included a systematic literature review, interviews with housebound individuals and carers (n=12), and a consensus exercise with health and social care professionals (n=14).
  • A two-stage RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to achieve consensus.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-two existing definitions of 'housebound' were identified and categorized.
  • A final consensus definition was agreed upon: 'Someone who is unable to leave their home or who requires significant assistance to do so. This may be due to illness, frailty, disability, surgery, mental ill health or nearing the end of life.'
  • This definition addresses various aspects including mobility, assistance needs, and underlying health conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed consensus definition provides a standardized approach for research.
  • It can aid policymakers and healthcare providers in evaluating and enhancing services for housebound patients.
  • The definition is applicable within the UK and potentially internationally.