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Corrosion02:49

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The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Acetals are formed by reacting two equivalents of alcohol with carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones. Acetals are unaffected by bases, nucleophiles, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. They serve as protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones. Acetals can be easily formed and also easily removed via mild acid hydrolysis.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Protection of metal interfaces against hydrogen-assisted cracking.

Guillaume Hachet1,2, Shaolou Wei3, Ali Tehranchi3,4

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Researchers found that adding boron and carbon to steel prevents hydrogen embrittlement (HE). This interface protection strategy significantly reduces hydrogen entry, enhancing material resistance for a hydrogen economy.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a major challenge for materials used in a hydrogen economy.
  • Existing research on HE mechanisms is extensive, but effective protective solutions are limited.
  • Lattice defects and their interaction with hydrogen are key factors in mechanical property degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate interstitial solutes as a method for protecting critical crystalline defects from hydrogen.
  • To explore the potential of boron and carbon in preventing hydrogen segregation at interfaces.
  • To develop and test a novel strategy for enhancing material resistance to HE.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ab initio calculations to model hydrogen-solute interactions at grain boundaries.
  • Implemented interface protection by doping martensitic steel with boron and carbon.
  • Quantified the reduction in hydrogen ingress and assessed HE resistance.

Main Results:

  • Ab initio calculations confirmed that boron and carbon in solid solutions inhibit hydrogen segregation at grain boundaries.
  • Doping martensitic steel interfaces with boron and carbon reduced hydrogen ingress by 50%.
  • The treated steel exhibited unprecedented resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial solutes like boron and carbon can effectively protect critical interfaces against hydrogen embrittlement.
  • Tailored interstitial segregation is a promising strategy for enhancing the durability of metallic materials in hydrogen environments.
  • This approach offers a pathway to developing robust materials for a hydrogen economy.