Experimental optimization of an IoT-driven load adaptive wireless charging system for electric vehicles using
Praful V Nandankar1, Abhay Chaturvedi2, Patan Saleem Akram3
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Nagpur, Maharashtra, 441108, India.
Scientific Reports
|December 10, 2025
Summary
This study introduces an Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging system that enhances efficiency and safety. The smart system optimizes power transfer and heat management for a better EV charging experience.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Computer Science
- Materials Science
Background:
- Traditional plug-in and stationary wireless electric vehicle (EV) chargers have limitations in efficiency and adaptability.
- Existing systems often lack intelligent control for power transfer and thermal management.
- The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) offers potential for advanced EV charging solutions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and deploy an IoT-based wireless EV charging system that overcomes the drawbacks of conventional chargers.
- To implement smart control for power transfer and heat management using real-time data and IoT communication.
- To optimize system parameters through experimental design for maximum efficiency and safety.
Main Methods:
- Development of a resonant inductive wireless charging system utilizing NodeMCU microcontrollers and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for IoT communication.
- Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) for optimizing coil gap, input voltage, and load.
- Real-time monitoring of surface temperature, current, and voltage for adaptive load adjustment and thermal management.
Main Results:
- The developed model demonstrated high predictability with R-squared values of 0.962 (R2) and 0.948 (adjusted R2).
- Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant interaction terms with an F-value of 65.43 (p < 0.001).
- The IoT-adaptive system achieved 93.5% efficiency, was 7.3% more efficient in power transfer, and reduced coil temperature by 24.6% compared to non-IoT systems, with minimal loss compared to wired charging.
Conclusions:
- The proposed IoT-configurable wireless charger is statistically validated, thermally compliant, and power-saving.
- The system integrates real-time sensing and empirical optimization for scalable, smart grid-enabled EV charging infrastructure.
- This advanced system offers a robust solution for efficient and safe wireless electric vehicle charging.
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