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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
Published on: August 9, 2022
Machine learning analysis of oral solid dosage formulation solubility variations by adjusting pressure and
Ahmed A Lahiq1, Abdullah A Alshehri2, Shaker T Alsharif3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 66262, Saudi Arabia. aalahiq@nu.edu.sa.
This study accurately predicts tolfenamic acid solubility and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) density using machine learning models. The ADA-GPR model, optimized with the Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA), demonstrated superior predictive performance for both properties.
Area of Science:
- Computational chemistry and materials science.
- Application of machine learning in chemical engineering.
Background:
- Accurate prediction of chemical properties like solubility and density is crucial for industrial processes.
- Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is a key solvent in various chemical and pharmaceutical applications.
- Tolfenamic acid solubility is important for drug formulation and delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate machine learning models for predicting tolfenamic acid solubility and SC-CO2 density.
- To optimize model hyperparameters using the Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA).
- To provide reliable predictive tools for pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a dataset with temperature and pressure as input features.
- Employed three machine learning models: ADA-GPR, ADA-SVR, and ADA-LR.
- Optimized model hyperparameters using the Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA).
Main Results:
- ADA-GPR achieved high accuracy in predicting tolfenamic acid solubility (R-squared: 0.98806) and SC-CO2 density (R-squared: 0.99265).
- ADA-SVR and ADA-LR also showed competitive performance for both predictions.
- The ChOA algorithm effectively enhanced the performance of the machine learning models.
Conclusions:
- Machine learning models, particularly ADA-GPR optimized with ChOA, are effective for predicting tolfenamic acid solubility and SC-CO2 density.
- The developed models offer valuable tools for optimizing processes in the pharmaceutical and chemical sectors.
- This research addresses critical prediction challenges in solubility and density determination.
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