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Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and their contribution to improving complementary feeding practices

R Praveen Kumar1, Y Selvamani2, Hari Singh2

  • 1School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India. praveenr6@srmist.edu.in.

BMC Public Health
|December 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) shows mixed results in improving complementary feeding for Indian children. While ICDS use is linked to higher diverse diet intake, it doesn't significantly impact timely food introduction or minimum acceptable diets.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a key Indian program for child nutrition and health.
  • Complementary feeding is crucial for children aged 6-23 months.
  • Evidence on ICDS impact on complementary feeding practices in India is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between ICDS service utilization and complementary feeding practices among Indian children aged 6-23 months.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 59,115 children (6-23 months) from the National Family Health Survey (2019-21).
  • Employed modified Poisson regression to analyze the relationship between ICDS utilization and feeding practices.
  • Calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) to quantify associations.

Main Results:

  • ICDS beneficiaries showed higher probabilities of consuming diverse diets (aPR=1.19) and egg/flesh foods (aPR=1.27).
  • A slight increase in vegetable/fruit consumption was observed (aPR=1.03).
  • No significant association found for timely semi-solid food introduction or minimum acceptable diet; meal frequency was lower (aPR=0.86).

Conclusions:

  • ICDS has a limited overall impact on improving complementary feeding practices in India.
  • Targeted improvements in ICDS service delivery are needed to enhance complementary feeding.
  • Further research should focus on optimizing ICDS to support optimal child nutrition.
Abstract

Keywords:
Child developmentFeeding practicesICDSIYCFMalnutritionStunting

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