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A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

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Published on: September 25, 2014

Glymphatic Dysfunction Reflects Post-Concussion Symptoms: Changes Within 1 Month and After 3 Months.

Eunkyung Kim^1,2, Han Gil Seo¹, Roh-Eul Yoo³

¹Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology

|December 10, 2025

Summary

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can impair glymphatic function over time, potentially worsening symptoms. Tracking glymphatic changes alongside symptom severity is crucial for understanding mTBI recovery.

Keywords:

diffusion tensor imaging glymphatic dysfunction mild traumatic brain injury

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Detecting Behavioral Deficits in Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury

Detecting Behavioral Deficits in Rats After Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology
Neurology

Background:

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common, but its effects on the brain's waste clearance system, the glymphatic system, are not fully understood.
The progression and variability of glymphatic dysfunction after mTBI require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine glymphatic function using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) within one month and at three months post-mTBI.
To determine if variations in glymphatic function are associated with post-traumatic symptom severity.

Main Methods:

DTI-ALPS was measured in 39 mTBI patients and 35 controls at baseline and follow-up.
Linear mixed-effects models analyzed differences in ALPS indices and associations with symptom severity (RPCSQ).
Patients were subgrouped based on ALPS changes (increasing vs. decreasing) to analyze symptom trajectories.

Main Results:

Glymphatic function (ALPS index) was not different at baseline but was significantly lower in mTBI patients at follow-up.
Longitudinal changes in ALPS were significantly associated with symptom severity scores.
Individuals with decreasing ALPS showed more severe symptoms and slower recovery.

Conclusions:

Glymphatic dysfunction, indicated by the ALPS index, may be linked to persistent post-traumatic symptoms after mTBI.
A time-dependent assessment of glymphatic biomarkers, considering individual recovery, is vital for mTBI evaluation.