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Large Language Models for Efficient Mental Health Parity Oversight

Nathaniel Z Counts^1,2

¹Kennedy Forum, Brigantine, NJ.

Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)

|December 11, 2025

Abstract

Objective:

The author examined whether a large language model (LLM) can help identify noncompliance with the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) in health insurance plan documents.

Methods:

Using Anthropic's Claude 3.5 Sonnet between December 1, 2024, and January 31, 2025, the author analyzed primary documentation for the Essential Health Benefits benchmark plans for 2026. An LLM prompt was first validated, and the author assessed the LLM's positive predictive value (PPV) in applying that prompt to identify areas of potential MHPAEA noncompliance. The LLM then prioritized the top 10 areas of noncompliance among those accurately identified.

Results:

The LLM identified on average 3.8 areas of potential noncompliance per document, with an average PPV of 49%.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that LLMs currently have a relatively poor PPV in regulatory oversight tasks but may help improve efficiency by enabling rapid identification of potential MHPAEA noncompliance to prioritize areas for further review.

Keywords:

Computer Technology Health Care Reform Health Law Large Language Models Mental Health Policy Public Policy Issues

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