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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
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Chios Mastic Gum Extract Enhances Antioxidant Defense in Zebrafish.

Pelagia Anastasiadou1, Martina Samiotaki2, Theoni Margaritopoulou3

  • 1Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Scientific Directorate of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Str., 14561 Kifissia, Greece.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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Chios mastic gum (CMG) enhances antioxidant defenses by boosting key proteins involved in energy metabolism and cellular protection. This study reveals CMG

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chios mastic gum (CMG), a natural resin from *Pistacia lentiscus*, possesses known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
  • Existing research suggests CMG's potential in managing health disorders and inhibiting cancer cells.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying CMG's biological activities require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular pathways affected by Chios mastic gum (CMG) using zebrafish embryos as a model.
  • To identify specific proteins and metabolic processes modulated by CMG treatment.
  • To understand the cellular mechanisms contributing to CMG's antioxidant effects.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish embryos were exposed to non-toxic concentrations of CMG.
Keywords:
Chios mastic gumcatalasecopper-zinc superoxide dismutaseproteomicsthioredoxin-disulfide reductasezebrafish

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  • Proteomic analysis using LC-HRMS was performed on treated embryos.
  • Bioinformatic enrichment analysis and hierarchical clustering were employed to identify key pathways and proteins.
  • Main Results:

    • CMG treatment significantly modulated pathways including oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), the electron transport chain (ETC), and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).
    • Proteomic data indicated CMG's role in supporting energy generation and cytoskeletal integrity.
    • Three major antioxidant proteins—copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin-disulfide reductase, and catalase—were found to be upregulated.

    Conclusions:

    • CMG treatment influences fundamental cellular energy metabolism pathways in zebrafish embryos.
    • The study confirms CMG's capacity to bolster the antioxidant defense system.
    • These findings provide molecular insights into the therapeutic potential of Chios mastic gum.