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Synthesis of Bio-Based Polyurethanes from Functionalized Sunflower Seed Oil.

Csilla Lakatos1, Katalin Czifrák1, Csaba Cserháti2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized from sunflower oil polyols, yielding flexible and robust films and scaffolds. These sustainable materials show promise for advanced biomedical applications.

Keywords:
characterizationcrosslinkingoil polyolpolyurethanescaffoldsunflower oil

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers with applications in biomedical systems.
  • Developing sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based PUs is crucial for environmental and health reasons.
  • Vegetable oils offer a renewable feedstock for synthesizing bio-based polyols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize bio-based polyurethanes (PUs) using renewable polyols derived from sunflower seed oil.
  • To evaluate the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of these PUs for potential use in biomedical applications.
  • To explore the fabrication of porous scaffolds from these bio-based PUs.

Main Methods:

  • Two distinct oil polyols were prepared via glycerol transesterification (GM) and epoxidation (EPO).
  • Polyols were reacted with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in the presence of PTMEG and/or PEG.
  • Material characterization included MALDI-TOF MS, NMR spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, tensile testing, DSC, DMA, and SEM.
  • Salt leaching techniques were used for scaffold fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of functionalized polyol precursors.
  • Resulting PU films demonstrated excellent flexibility (885%) and mechanical strength (23 MPa).
  • Crosslink density contributed to outstanding mechanical properties, with viscoelastic behavior modeled by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation.
  • Strain-hardening behavior was observed and mathematically modeled.
  • Porous scaffolds were successfully fabricated using salt leaching.

Conclusions:

  • Sunflower seed oil is a versatile feedstock for producing functional polyurethanes.
  • The synthesized bio-based PUs possess tunable mechanical properties suitable for advanced polymer systems.
  • These materials hold significant potential for developing flexible, robust, and sustainable biomedical films and scaffolds.