Synergistic Effects of Non-Ionizing Radiation in the Targeted Modification of Living Tissues

Non-ionizing radiation and excited states can modify the properties of biological tissues, altering their structure, surface morphology and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, and stimulating resident cells. The primary goal of non-ionizing radiation applications is to achieve high precision and controllability in the processes of modifying biological tissues, allowing for the minimization of damage to surrounding healthy tissues and improving repair processes. The use of the photonic and acoustic methods can contribute to the creation of new materials with specific biological properties, which is particularly important for the development of individualized implants, efficient drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering methods. An important aspect is the development of integrated approaches that combine different types of non-ionizing radiation to achieve a synergistic effect we term a "bosonic concentrate." For example, the combination of photonic and phononic ultrasonic therapy can improve the penetration of drugs into deeper tissue layers, while the combination of photothermal and acoustic exposure can increase the precision and efficiency of tumor cell removal. This review discusses the effects underlying the potential treatment options for biological tissue modification to improve their physiological relevance based on various bosonic concentrate combinations. In particular, we will discuss how low-energy acoustic phonons (characteristic energy 0.03-0.1 eV) could create tissue-specific spatially resolved structures that serve as matrices for optical photons (1-3 eV) and excitons (~0.1 eV) and how they could be focused and dissipated to mediate biochemical reactions. All of them are capable of propagating in living tissues, mediating changes at the cellular and molecular levels.