Genetic Polymorphisms and Predisposition to Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Genetics
• Immunology

Background:

• Peri-implantitis is a significant inflammatory condition impacting dental implant longevity.
• Its multifactorial nature includes potential genetic predispositions.
• Understanding genetic associations is crucial for managing peri-implantitis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and assess the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to peri-implantitis risk.
• To identify specific genetic variants associated with increased susceptibility to peri-implantitis.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search in PubMed up to 2025, adhering to PICO and PRISMA guidelines.
• Inclusion of English-language clinical trials and observational studies from the last ten years.
• Independent data extraction and qualitative risk of bias assessment by two reviewers.

Main Results:

• Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, analyzing polymorphisms in inflammatory, bone metabolism, and immune regulation genes.
• Consistent associations with increased peri-implantitis risk were found for IL-1β +3954 C/T, ET-1 and IL-1β, MMP-8 rs11225395, MMP8 (-799 C/T), and CD14 rs2569190.
• Results for TNF-α -308 G/A were inconsistent across different populations.

Conclusions:

• Genetic predisposition plays a potential role in the development of peri-implantitis.
• Identifying genetic biomarkers could enable prediction of susceptibility.
• Personalized management strategies for peri-implantitis may be developed based on genetic profiles.