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Traditional Health Practices May Promote Nrf2 Activation Similar to Exercise.

Hubert Kolb1,2, Stephan Martin1,2, Kerstin Kempf1

  • 1West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, 40591 Düsseldorf, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Various non-pharmacological health practices, like exercise and diet, trigger adaptive cellular responses. These practices activate pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory defenses.

Keywords:
caloric restrictioncryotherapycuppingexercisehyperbaric oxygenhypoxiapolyphenolssauna

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Health Sciences

Background:

  • Non-pharmacological interventions are increasingly recognized for their health benefits.
  • Exercise induces molecular adaptations, including enhanced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.
  • Key molecular mediators like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the shared molecular mechanisms underlying various non-pharmacological health practices.
  • To identify common cellular defense pathways activated by different hormetic stimuli.
  • To investigate the role of Nrf2 and other stress-response pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on exercise physiology and non-pharmacological interventions.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways, including Nrf2, sirtuin, and AMP-activated protein kinase.
  • Comparison of cellular responses to diverse stimuli such as heat, cold, oxygen variations, and dietary components.

Main Results:

  • Exercise upregulates enzymes and transcription factors promoting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Nrf2 is a central mediator of cellular defense responses across various practices.
  • Other pathways like NAD+-sirtuin and AMP-activated protein kinase are also upregulated.
  • Similar adaptive responses observed with heat/cold exposure, hyper/hypobaric oxygen, cupping, acupuncture, caloric restriction, and polyphenol consumption.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple traditional health practices may share a common hormetic mechanism.
  • Mild cellular stress triggers defense responses, enhancing antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and repair activities.
  • These adaptive responses can impact body-wide tissue function through pathways like Nrf2.