Trophoblast Function in Preeclampsia: Decoding the Mechanistic Roles of Coding and Non-Coding Genes

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Molecular Biology
• Genomics

Background:

• Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious obstetric disorder affecting maternal and fetal health, marked by hypertension and organ dysfunction.
• Impaired trophoblast cell differentiation and function are central to PE pathogenesis, causing abnormal placental development and uterine vascular remodeling.
• Dysfunctional placentation leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune dysregulation, worsening PE severity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize current findings on transcriptomic alterations in trophoblast cells associated with preeclampsia.
• To discuss the roles of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in trophoblast gene regulation in PE.
• To explore potential translational applications of these molecular insights for PE diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on transcriptomic studies in preeclampsia.
• Analysis of gene expression networks regulated by non-coding RNAs in trophoblast cells.
• Synthesis of findings related to trophoblast anomalies and their clinical implications.

Main Results:

• Trophoblast cells exhibit significant transcriptomic alterations in preeclampsia.
• Non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and circRNAs) are critical regulators of trophoblast function and maternal-fetal interactions.
• These molecular changes contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.

Conclusions:

• Understanding transcriptomic alterations in trophoblast cells is crucial for unraveling preeclampsia pathogenesis.
• Non-coding RNA dysregulation presents potential biomarkers for early diagnosis.
• Targeting these molecular pathways may lead to novel precision medicine and individualized therapies for preeclampsia.