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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat

Published on: February 27, 2014

Short Chain Fatty Acids Lower Inflammation and Restore Intestinal Integrity and Function Markers in Mycobacterium

Piotr P Lagod¹, Ahmad Qasem¹, Saleh A Naser¹

¹Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.

|December 11, 2025

Summary

Short-chain fatty acids like propionic acid (PPA) and butyric acid (BA) show anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. These fatty acids can help restore intestinal barrier function in Crohn's disease models, suggesting potential as a supplement.

Keywords:

Crohn’s disease GI inflammation MAP Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis SCFAs butyric acid propionic acid

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Microbiology

Background:

Crohn's disease (CD) is linked to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, causing inflammation and intestinal damage.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like propionic acid (PPA) and butyric acid (BA) are investigated for their role in gut health.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of PPA and BA on an in vitro model of Crohn's disease.
To assess the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of SCFAs in the context of MAP infection.

Main Methods:

MAP-infected THP-1 macrophages were treated with PPA or BA.
Conditioned media from treated macrophages were co-cultured with Caco-2 intestinal cells.
MAP growth inhibition was assessed in MGIT culture media supplemented with PPA or BA.

Main Results:

PPA and BA significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory markers (RNA and protein) and inhibited MAP growth.
Treatment with PPA and BA restored intestinal epithelial cell integrity and function.
PPA and BA decreased NOX1 expression and restored tight junction integrity by reducing Claudin-2 expression.

Conclusions:

SCFAs exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties beneficial for damaged intestinal cells.
PPA and BA show potential as dietary supplements for Crohn's disease patients.
Caution is advised for pregnant individuals due to potential risks associated with propionic acid exposure.