Assessment of a Clothing Ensemble with an Active Heating Function Based on Thermal Manikin Tests

Heated clothing is an alternative to passive thermally insulating clothing used so far, made of thick, multi-layered fabric compounds. In this work, a personalized two-layer heated clothing ensemble for mountain rescuers was developed. It consisted of an electrically heated inner suit and an outer suit made of waterproof laminate. Total thermal insulation and local thermal insulations were determined using a thermal manikin. The heating system's performance was assessed by comparing these results with those obtained with the heating turned off in the same ensemble, as well as with a down jacket added. It was confirmed that a thick thermally insulating layer (down jacket) can be eliminated through the application of electric heating. Heating improved the resultant effective thermal insulation of the clothing ensemble by 52% at a total power of 28.4 W. This exceeded the value obtained with the additional down jacket and no heating by 4%.