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Damage Identification in Composite Wind Turbine Blades Using Relative Natural Frequency Changes and Bayesian

Panida Kaewniam1,2, Qingyang Wei3, Haoan Gu1

  • 1College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the B-RNFC method for structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades. It accurately locates damage by combining relative natural frequency changes with Bayesian probability.

Keywords:
Bayesian probabilitycomposite materialdamage detectionmodal analysisrelative natural frequency changewind turbine blade

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Structural health monitoring (SHM) is vital for wind turbine blade (WTB) reliability and efficiency.
  • Traditional frequency-based methods struggle with composite WTB complexity and damage localization.
  • Natural frequencies are global indicators sensitive to environmental changes, limiting local damage detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced SHM method for composite WTBs.
  • To overcome limitations of traditional frequency-based damage detection.
  • To accurately locate damage in composite WTBs using a novel approach.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced the Bayesian relative natural frequency change (B-RNFC) method.
  • Analyzed natural frequency changes correlated with damage in composite beams and WTBs.
  • Developed normalized RNFC curves and integrated them with Bayesian probability for damage mapping.
  • Evaluated B-RNFC performance for single and multiple damage localization.

Main Results:

  • The B-RNFC method demonstrated effective damage localization.
  • Effective localization range for cantilever beams: 20-80% from the fixed end.
  • Effective localization range for composite WTBs: 40-80% of blade length from the root.
  • Successfully localized dual damages, including symmetric and mid-span scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The B-RNFC method offers a robust solution for SHM in composite WTBs.
  • This approach enhances damage localization accuracy compared to traditional methods.
  • The B-RNFC method contributes to improved WTB reliability and reduced maintenance costs.