A Compact Trowel-Shaped Antenna for Next-Generation 6G Wireless Communication Systems

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Electromagnetics
• Antenna Theory

Background:

• Next-generation wireless communication systems, such as 6G, require antennas with enhanced bandwidth, gain, and efficiency.
• Existing antenna designs often face limitations in achieving these performance metrics simultaneously over a wide frequency range.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and evaluate a novel trowel-shaped planar antenna (TSPA) for high-performance wireless communication applications.
• To demonstrate the TSPA's capability to achieve wideband impedance bandwidth, high gain, and excellent radiation efficiency.

Main Methods:

• The TSPA utilizes a trowel-shaped radiator, a triangular tapered feed line, and a partial ground plane for optimized performance.
• The antenna was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid RO5880 substrate for a balance of cost and performance.
• Simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to validate the antenna's characteristics.

Main Results:

• The TSPA achieved a wide impedance bandwidth from 15 GHz to 54 GHz (113.05% fractional bandwidth) at S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB.
• A peak gain of 9.67 dBi at 51.8 GHz and radiation efficiency exceeding 92% were recorded.
• Stable radiation patterns and strong current intensity at multiple resonances were observed, confirming efficient far-field radiation.

Conclusions:

• The designed TSPA offers superior wideband performance compared to existing structures.
• Its compact electrical dimensions and high performance make it a promising candidate for 6G wireless communication systems.
• The excellent agreement between simulation and measurement validates the antenna's reliability and efficiency.